A theory that people value gains and losses differently and, as such, will base decisions on perceived gains rather than perceived losses. Thus, if a person were given two equal choices, one expressed in terms of possible gains and the other in possible losses, people would choose the former. Also known as loss aversion.
Competence or mastery is our fundamental need to feel effective and successful in the moment-to-moment activities of life. It also energizes us toward growth and elaboration of our skills and abilities; seeking out new challenges that enable us to feel successful and grow without being overwhelmed. This need is one of the three key components …
is a style of game in which minimal character limitations are placed on the gamer, allowing the gamer to roam and change a virtual world at will. In contrast to a progression-style game, a sandbox game emphazies roaming and allows a gamer to select tasks. Sandbox games: create engagement, are spaces in which to play, …
The Anchoring Heuristic, also know as ‘focalism’, refers to the human tendency to accept and rely on, the first piece of information received before making a decision. That first piece of information is the anchor and sets the tone for everything that follows.
A key factor contributing to the effectiveness of instructional and interface design is understanding how mental representations (i.e., mental models) are created in users as they interact within systems to execute goals. If designers are better able to predict user cognitive processes in the creation of mental models during task interactions, and thus ascertain why …
Gamification is the application of typical elements of game playing (e.g., point scoring, competition with others, rules of play) to other areas of activity, typically as a technique to encourage engagement with a product or service.